Family Pteriidae
I have two types of shell for Family Pteriidae: The Atlantic Pearl Oyster and the Atlantic Winged Oyster. The Atlantic Pearl Oyster is on this page while the Atlantic Winged Oystger is attached to this page.
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Atlantic Pearl Oyster: Pinctada imbricata (Röding, 1798)
Family Pteriidae
The Atlantic Pearl Oyster is not commonly found on S. Hutchinson Island beaches. The inside of the shell is source of mother-of-pearl.
Atlantic Pearl Oyster Front side (S. Hutchinson Island 2020)
Atlantic Peral Oyster (inside shell with Mother-of-Pearl)
Although other mollusks are capable of producing pearls, the emblematic bivalve making true, valuable, old-fashioned pearls is the Silver-lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901), which may reach about 12 inches in size. That species is not native to the Atlantic Ocean, and its closest relative in our area is the much smaller Atlantic Pearl Oyster, Pinctada imbricata (Röding, 1798), at about 3 inches. The pictures show the shell and a live individual of the Atlantic Pearl Oyster. The shell (two views) is from Sanibel, and the live Oyster photographed off Palm Beach in 2014 by Anne DuPont. Anne (and us) got really lucky, because the shell has two of its gills, or ctenidia, expanded to near the shell edge. The radial “lines” running down the gills are the gill folds. Pearl Oysters are great filter feeders: one large Pearl Oyster is capable of filtering a few hundred gallons of water per day.
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Pinctada imbricata Roding, 1798
Atlantic pearl-oyster
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2100
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Pinctada imbricata AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Upload your photos
| All pictures | Google image |
Image of Pinctada imbricata (Atlantic pearl-oyster)
Pinctada imbricata
Picture by O'Keefe, Jo
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS
Bivalvia | Pterioida | Pteriidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Benthic; depth range 0 - 23 m (Ref. 104365). Tropical
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cmCommon length : 7.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 344); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 8702)
Short description Morphology
Shell roundish, thin, flattened to moderately inflated, inequivalve. Hinge with 2 wing-like projections, posterior projection shorter than that of Pteria colymbus. Periostracum with flat, scale-like projections aligned concentrically. Colour: externally tan, brown, or purplish, with greenish cast, internally nacreous.
Biology Glossary
(e.g. epibenthic)
Lives attached to rocks or other hard substrates, in shallow subtidal depths. Small live specimens found in rock-pools between tide-marks (Ref. 88739). Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.
Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Leal, J.H. 2003. (Ref. 344)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 120744)
Not Evaluated
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Ref. 116361)
Not Evaluated \\
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Pinctada
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Pearl oyster)
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Pinctada
Pinctada margaritifera MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg
Shell of Pinctada margaritifera on display at Muséum de Toulouse
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Pteriida
Family: Pteriidae
Genus: Pinctada
Röding, 1798[1]
Species
See text
Pinctada is a genus of saltwater oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Pteriidae, the pearl oysters. These oysters have a strong inner shell layer composed of nacre, also known as "mother of pearl".
Pearl oysters are not closely related to either the edible oysters of family Ostreidae or the freshwater pearl mussels of the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae.
Pinctada margaritifera and P. maxima are used for culturing South Sea and Tahitian pearls. They are cultured widely primarily in the central and eastern Indo-Pacific. A pearl oyster can be seen on the reverse side of the 1,000-peso note of the Philippines.
Contents
1 Species of commercial value
2 Species list
3 References
4 External links
Species of commercial value
Opening and extracting pearls from farmed pearl oysters
Cultivated pearl oyster (from Japan Shima, Mie)
All species within the genus produce pearls. Attempts have been made to harvest pearls commercially from many Pinctada species. However, the only species that are currently of significant commercial interest are:
Gulf pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata; Persian Gulf,[2] Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and throughout the Indo-Pacific as far as Japan and Australia.
Black-lip oyster, Pinctada margaritifera; Persian Gulf and southwestern part of Indian Ocean; Fiji; Tahiti; Myanmar; Baja California; Gulf of Mexico
Gold-lip oyster, Pinctada maxima; Australia; Fiji; Tahiti;
White-lip oyster, Pinctada maxima; Australia; Fiji; Tahiti; Myanmar;
Pinctada mazatlanica; Mexico; Panama;
Akoya pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (also called P. imbricata), Red Sea; Sri Lanka; Persian Gulf; Indian Ocean; Western Pacific Ocean; Australia; China; Venezuela;
Shark Bay pearl oyster Pinctada albina; Australia
The various species of Pinctada produce different maximum sizes and colors of pearls, depending on the size of the species and the natural color of the nacre inside the shell. Black South Sea pearls, or Tahitian pearls come from the black-lip oyster; white and golden South Sea pearls from the white-lip and golden-lip oysters; and Akoya cultured pearls from Pinctada fucata martensii, the Akoya pearl oyster.
Pearls are also obtained in commercial quantities from some species of the closely related winged oyster genus Pteria.
Pearls are also produced from freshwater mussel species unrelated to pearl oysters. These freshwater species include Hyriopsis cumingii, Hyriopsis schlegelii, and a hybrid of the two species.
At danger from the large demand for pearls, the typical lifespan of a pearl oyster is usually around 3 years to 14 years. Pinctada maxima are seeded at about 2 years of age and take 2 years to fully develop a pearl. They can be reseeded up to 3 or 4 times. Akoya pearls are harvested after about 9 to 16 months.
Research carried out by biologist Aldemaro Romero Jr. allowed him to discover that the first animal population depleted by Europeans in the American continent was a pearl oyster species (Pinctada imbricata) off the coast of Venezuela. He analyzed historical records and used information about the biology of these and other species to explain its rapid disappearance.
Species list
The World Register of Marine Species includes the following species in the genus:[1]
Pinctada albina (Lamarck, 1819) – Shark Bay pearl oyster
Pinctada capensis (Sowerby III, 1890)
Pinctada chemnitzii (Philippi, 1849)
Pinctada cumingii (Reeve, 1857)
Pinctada fucata (Gould, 1850) – Akoya pearl oyster – now accepted as Pinctada imbricata fucata
Pinctada galtsoffi Bartsch, 1931
Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798 – Gulf pearl oyster
Pinctada inflata (Schumacher, 1817)
Pinctada longisquamosa (Dunker, 1852)
Pinctada maculata (Gould, 1850)
Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) – Black-lip oyster
Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901) – White-lip oyster or gold-lip oyster
Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856)
Pinctada nigra (Gould, 1850)
Pinctada petersii (Dunker, 1852)
Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) – Atlantic pearl-oyster – now accepted as Pinctada imbricata radiata
Pinctada reeveana (Dunker, 1872)
Pinctada sugillata (Reeve, 1857)
Pinctada vidua (Gould, 1850)
References
Bouchet, Philippe (2014). "Pinctada Röding, 1798". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
Rajaei M., Farahmand H., Poorbagher H., Mortazavi M.S. and Farhadi A. (2015). "Sympatric morphological and genetic differentiation of the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida) in the northern Persian Gulf". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 95 (3): 537–543. doi:10.1017/S0025315414001611.